It is well known that measurements of physical quantities underlie any simple instrument, much more the control system. The measurement science, which is probably the oldest of the sciences, is currently undergoing a period of rapid development. In this regard, it can perhaps be compared with medicine. There is a great variety of sensors of any parameter - on the market you can always find a dozen kinds of sensors of any physical parameter. Why? Because there is no small and cheap universal sensor with high accuracy, dynamic range, radiation and vibration resistance.

The limits of perfection are still far away. In wildlife, there are organisms whose individual sensory organs are much superior to or absent from human sensory organs. For example, the ability of fish and birds to return to spawning and nesting sites, dog sniffing, and so on.

People try to copy these properties. So the term biosensor device appeared, in which the sensitive layer contains biological material directly responding to the presence of the detected component and generating a signal depending on the concentration of this component. Another promising type of chemical sensor is probably optical chemical sensors.

Other types of sensors are also rapidly developing: optical, magnetic, accelerometers and many others. Sensors for science are developing in the direction of improving accuracy, industrial sensors are developing in the direction of miniaturization, reduction of power consumption, wireless communication. All this makes measurement science interesting and promising.